O Potencial do Mecanismo REDD+ Jurisdicional no Financiamento de Áreas Protegidas do Amazonas

Abstract

The main objective of this research was to assess the development of the state-level REDD+ strategy in Amazonas State in Brazil, and its significance for financing and managing protected areas. The study begins by tracing the evolution of human thought regarding the valuation of natural resources and the role of economic instruments in conservation funds. It then analyzes the REDD+ mechanism at international, national, sub-national, and project levels, emphasizing its potential for climate and environmental financing in Brazil. Additionally, the research describes Payment for Environmental Services (PES) activities at the state level and offers a brief review of the legal frameworks at both state and national levels. The study also explores the functioning of the voluntary carbon market, along with the potential regulation of carbon markets, outlining the associated risks and challenges. A review of state legislation on climate change and environmental services policies revealed significant legal gaps and a lack of robustness in addressing REDD+ issues. Furthermore, an analysis of jurisdictional REDD+ initiatives implemented in state protected areas (PAs) highlighted a lack of institutional alignment, with the state often rushing into public-private partnerships without adhering to basic principles of governance, citizen participation, and technical-procedural requirements. These research also identified a lack of transparency in REDD+ activities, both completed and ongoing, underscoring the need for stronger information-sharing and monitoring mechanisms, which could be supported by public advocates and the Prosecutor's Office. Lastly, the absence of involvement from traditional populations affected by the state's carbon market initiatives was evident. To address this, a draft resolution is proposed to the State Environment Council (CEMAAM), calling for greater participation by these communities, in recognition of their already guaranteed rights. Keywords: REDD+; Traditional Populations; Climate Change Policy.