A influência da erosão na regeneração de clareiras

Abstract

One of sustainability indicator of economic activity in the oil industry in the Amazon is the effectiveness in the restoration of impacted areas. The improvement of restoration techniques to recover disturbed ecosystems pass by knowledge of the reciprocal influence of biotic and abiotic factors, and it s important to understand the mosaic distribution and structure of the communities. The challenge is to integrate ecological and geomorphological researches. The key is work with phenomena that occur on the same scale of time and space. In this point of view the goal of the thesis can be defined as: how erosion interfere and suffer interference in the restoration of areas that use ecological succession as a principle. The studied areas are contained in a 20 km around the coordinates 65 ° 11'15 "W and 04 ° 51'55" S. The tools used to collect the data were: a) analysis of satellite images, b) direct observations, c) survey the microtopography d) collection and testing with samples of the soil seed bank, d) monitoring of mortality in plantations and relation to erosion processes, e) inventory of regeneration. These data were collected and processed considering the sites of erosion and deposition in the context of local characteristics: i) exposed soil, ii) regeneration and iii) restored canopy. The data were processed by descriptive statistics, tested and correlated and th76,59% of the areas were trees was planted, the soil remain exposed or occupied by exotic invasive species. I propose renounce the designation for clearing in the areas impacted by the oil industry because the term refers to an approach focused on secondary succession. In stead of I present a classification for degraded areas in terms of use before the restoration and substratum: a) infrastructure, b) exploration and research, c) well d) loan and) send-off. The seed bank has been recovery after disturb. The quantity of viable seeds increases in the areas of bank from erosion to the deposition (p= 0,0062), this difference is smaller as great is the ground cover. The diversity is higher with the ground cover increase. The trees planted mortality showed significant correlation (r=0,74) with the presence of erosion process. The disturbance caused during the opening and use of the area can compromise the ecosystem resilience. In these cases the natural regeneration that occurs is consistent with the primary succession. The restoration needs to be focused as such. Because that I recommend the improvement in the techniques for restoration in the forest impacted by the exploitation of hydrocarbons, appropriate to the intensity of the disturbance caused in each area