Caracterização química do solo e da serapilheira em cafezais (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner) em transição para sistemas agroflorestais no município de Apuí - AM

Abstract

Considering the potential of agroforestry systems as an alternative method for agricultural production that promotes, among other benefits, soil conservation, this project had as main objective to characterize accumulated litter and soil in coffee areas in transition to agroforestry systems (SAF) and to identify its influence on the soil fertility in areas of family farmers in the municipality of Apuí - AM. The agroforestry transition areas were compared to the monoculture coffee areas and remaining forests on the same property. In the coffee plantations in transition to SAF, tree and non-tree legume species (Fabaceae) were planted with the purpose of providing protection to the soil, shading, green manuring and agrobiodiversity. In addition to the introduction of legumes, other agroecological treatments were also carried out in coffee plantations, such as the use of biofertilizers, liming and alternative pest control. The study was conducted in three rural establishments (ER), each of which present areas of at least 1 ha of coffee monoculture, coffee growing in transition to agroforestry system and remaining forest, to collect samples. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three blocks, three treatments and three replications, where collected litter samples and soil samples were collected for chemical analyzes of nutrients at three different times of the year. In addition to the determination of macro and micro nutrient contents and concentrations in the accumulated litter and soil, NH 4+ and NO 3- concentrations were also analyzed to determine the nitrogen dynamics in the three types of soil use and the influence of the seasonality in the mineralization process of nitrogen.