Análise genética em populações de cubiu (solanum sessiliflorum, dunal) cultivadas na região do Rio Negro, no estado do Amazonas

Abstract

Among the native genetic resources of the Amazon, cubiu (Dunal Solanum sessiliflorum) is a fruit species that has been thoroughly domesticated by the indigenous peoples of the region before the arrival of Europeans. Solanaceae is a shrub up to 2 m high, adapted to modern agricultural systems, with economic potential for agribusiness food, medicines and cosmetics. In recent decades, has been the subject of research and in the process of launching new products on the world of São Paulo. Of the almost 200 cubiu populations maintained in the genebank of the National Institute for Amazon Research, more than 150 have been characterized and evaluated. Considering the need for further research on the genetic material coming from various other regions of the Amazon, the advances in knowledge about the morphological studies and breeding of the species, will provide Amazonian farmers new varieties with higher yield potential for regional agriculture. To contribute with new research findings on the species, this study was to evaluate cubiu populations originating from different regions of the trough of the Rio Negro, Amazonas state. This study evaluated 30 cubiu populations from five municipalities located from the mouth until the upper Rio Negro. The experiment was conducted in the area of the Experimental Station of INPA, Manaus, AM, in soil type Acrisol alic, sandy soils of low fertility. Seedlings were formed in December 2009 and the 45-day-old transplanted in open pits at a spacing of 1.00 mx 1.50, fertilized with 2 kg of compost and 30 g of NPK (10-10 - 10). The experimental design was randomized blocks with 30 treatments and three repetitions. The experimental unit consisted of five useful plants of each population. Among the findings highlighted the population SGC5 for its high productivity, producing around 47 fruits per plant and yield of 16.7 tons per hectare. Since the population is presented desirable characteristics for immediate use in commercial agriculture and breeding program