Propagação de Piper Marginatum Jacq.: qualidade de luz na germinação in vitro de sementes e níveis de iluminação na estaquia

Abstract

Piper marginatum Jacq. is an Amazonian Piperaceae, popularly known as capeba, malvarisco, pimenta-do-mato, capeba-cheirosa and nhandi. It is used mainly in the region as a remedy against liver diseases, vesicular diseases, muscular spasms, snake and insect bites and for the relief of intestinal gases; in cooking is used to replace the black pepper; and there are scientific reports that leaf extract and essential oil have biological activities such as cercaricida, insecticide, acaricide and fungicide. Its collection is done indiscriminately through the ripening of its vegetative and reproductive parts, which in the long run can exert negative effects on the natural populations. In the literature, there are reports that the propagation of this species has some limitations. In general, seeds have low germination rates, both in the field and in vitro, and low rooting rates in vegetative propagation, via cuttings. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate more efficient methods of reproduction. The influence of the light quality on germination in vitro was evaluated through a DIC experiment, using five light filters: red, far-red, green, blue and transparent and evaluated the germination (%), germination speed index (GSI) and mean germination time (MGT). The germination was not significantly influenced by the light filters, unlike the GSI and MGT that presented the best performances under the red light. In the vegetative propagation, the experiment was installed in DIC, with a factorial scheme of 2 x 3, two types of shading of the mother plant (full sun and shaded to 50%) and three types of cuttings (apical, median and basal). The variables analyzed were: survival (%), rooting (%), number of shoots, number of leaves, length of the highest root, root dry mass and shoot dry mass. The apical cuttings of Piper marginatum presented better performance in the propagation by cutting, followed by the basal and, finally, medium, which, in general, are independent of the shading of the matrix plant.