Quintais agroflorestais: estudo de caso da Comunidade Boa Esperança, município de Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas

Abstract

The agroforestry homegardens constitute one of the most important agroforestry systems due to its intensive production, providing a variety of products for local use, contributing to the quality of life of the populations and in the maintenance of various products for family consumption, in addition to generate marketable surpluses, collaborating with the regional economy. The objective of this study was to characterize agroforestry homegardens of rural community Good Hope, municipality of Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas, in relation to agrobiodiversity and the socioeconomics. They were selected for this study 30 agroforestry homegardens, contributing to the generation of income and food production for families sponsors of homegardens. The study was conducted from semi-structured interviews and associated with the technique of tour-guided, in addition to the application of questionnaires. For data analysis, has built up a database with information obtained in the interviews and the floristic. Subsequently, we used a descriptive statistics where the data were systematized in the Excel program for Windows®. The interviews were conducted primarily with the residents are responsible for the maintenance of homegardens, being interviewed 21 female and 9 male interviewees. The age of the interviewees ranged from 15 to 78 years. The family income of the majority of households is derived from the production of vegetables. The homegardens behave on average 3.6 people per household. The area of cultivation of homegardens varies between 0.3 and 2.6 ha, with an average of 1.2 ha. Were recorded 152 plant species from 65 plant families, intended for 10 different uses. The fruit trees, main components of homegardens, more frequent were mango, avocado, banana, coconut and cupuaçu. The provenances of the species is, in the majority of cases obtained with neighbors, relatives and friends or produced by the farmer himself, corresponding to 76.7% and 53.3% of the origin, respectively. The main animals found in the homegardens were dogs, cats, chickens, ducks. The production of homegardens is intended exclusively for the consumption of the family, however, 47% besides the own consumption, perform marketing of surplus production to assist in the composition of family income. The management is performed by a man and a woman of the family in most backyards. The management practices more held in homegardens are weeding and the introduction of new species. The majority of synthetic inorganic wastes are burned and the organic waste used primarily to feed the animals. The use of medicinal plants is performed in 83.3% of homegardens.