Talinum triangulare E Ocimum basilicum como biofiltros naturais de nitrogênio e fósforo em sistemas aquapônicos

Abstract

Aquaponics is an integrated production technique that combines the cultivation of aquatic organisms with plant farming, promoting the reuse of fish metabolic waste as a nutrient source for plant growth. In Brazil, this technology has attracted increasing interest, particularly in the Southeast and South regions, where the most prominent research groups are located. This thesis combines a systematic review of national scientific output from 2008 to 2022—identifying trends, methodological approaches, and research gaps—with an experimental study evaluating the influence of plant development on nutrient dynamics in aquaponic systems using Talinum triangulare (cariru) and Ocimum basilicum (basil). The review revealed that Brazilian studies are primarily focused on system operation, species selection, and organism performance, especially tilapia and lettuce, with the nutrient film technique (NFT) being the most frequently cited hydroponic system. However, research on the bioeconomy of aquaponics, consumer perception, and standardization of experimental parameters remains limited, which hampers commercial-scale implementation. The experimental study was conducted in a floating raft system using effluent from tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), with weekly monitoring over four weeks. The parameters analyzed included total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrate, nitrite, and orthophosphate. Results showed variations in nutrient removal depending on plant species and developmental stage: T. triangulare exhibited higher TAN removal and greater biomass accumulation, while O. basilicum was more efficient in nitrite removal. It is concluded that plant growth significantly affects nutrient removal efficiency, underscoring the importance of selecting species with complementary profiles and appropriately managing cultivation time. The integration of bibliometric analysis and experimental data highlights the need for multidisciplinary research to advance technical knowledge and support the sustainable scaling of aquaponics in Brazil.