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Item type:Item, Eliciação de metabólitos secundários na cultura in vitro de Duroia macrophylla e Duroia saccifera(2025) Lima, Laísley Martins; Nunez, Cecilia VeronicaSpecies of the Duroia genus are producers of terpenes, flavonoids and alkaloids, presenting several biological activities, with emphasis on the antitumor activity conferred by the novel alkaloid isolated from D. macrophylla; in addition to other alkaloids with activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis that resulted in another patent already granted to previous research. In order to increase and constant the production of active substances, several species have been established in vitro and subjected to elicitation techniques, including species of the Duroia genus. Based on the above, the present research aimed to evaluate the effect of precursors and elicitors in D. macrophylla and D. saccifera cultures on the production of secondary metabolites, aiming at the production of alkaloids and/or intermediates. For biological elicitation, mycelia and methanolic extracts (MeOH) of Xylaria sp. and Colletotrichum dianesei were used; Physical elicitation was performed with Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) in yellow, red and blue colors; tryptophan and iridoid monotropein methyl ester were used as precursors. From the results obtained, it was verified that the D. macrophylla calli remained multiform, and no cell suspension was obtained. The difference in the composition of the culture medium interfered with the production of D. macrophylla metabolites, and the WPM medium added with 2 mg.L-1 of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 2 mg.L-1 of benzylaminopurine (BAP) was established as the most effective combination for the production of the iridoid monotropein methyl ester. From maintenance cultures, it was verified that in vitro Duroia calli are effective producers of phenolics, and it was possible to isolate and characterize scopoletin in D. saccifera and chlorogenic acid in D. macrophylla using chromatographic techniques and H nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry analyses. The precursors tryptophan and tryptamine did not modify aspects of growth and secondary metabolism of D. saccifera and D. macrophylla calli. The application of endophytes as elicitors did not alter the chemical production of D. saccifera cell suspensions, but intensified the production of previously produced metabolites, corroborating the literature. The elicitation of D. saccifera calli with red LED interfered with aspects of growth, but chemical production was altered by the growth phase and not by the incidence of light; the data were grouped according to their similarities, through chemometric analysis. D. macrophylla plants did not undergo changes in the production of new metabolites, but the red LED provided a constant production of the iridoid monotropein methyl ester, an intermediate in the pathway of the desired indole alkaloids.Item type:Item, Tipos de recipientes, substratos e doses de fertilizante de liberação controlada na produção de mudas açaí-solteiro (Euterpe precatoria Mart.)(2025) Rodrigues, Ayrton Batista; Lopes, Ricardo; Lobato, Maria do Rosário RodriguesAçai is a superfood derived from Amazonian sociobiodiversity that has been gaining prominence on a large scale in various sectors of both national and international markets. Two Amazonian species are exploited for acai production: Euterpe oleracea (more than 90% of production) and E. precatoria (less than 10% of production), with the latter having a smaller share in overall production but significant importance for the state of Amazonas, as most of the state's acai production comes from this species. Despite the economic and social importance of E. precatoria and its potential contribution to the acai production chain, few investments have been made to develop technologies for cultivating this species. Among the necessary technologies are recommendations that enable the production of high-quality seedlings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of recipient type, substrate, and controlled-release fertilizer on the formation of E. precatoria seedlings. Three experiments were conducted, each in a different type of recipient: black polyethylene bags with dimensions of 15 cm x 28 cm (BB) and 20 cm x 30 cm (SB), and 900 cm³ tubes (TB). The experiments followed a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme, with two substrates (3 parts topsoil : 1 part sand (T+SAN) and 3 parts topsoil : 1 part sawdust (T+SAW)) and six fertilizer doses (0g, 3g, 6g, 9g, 12g, and 15g L-1 of substrate) of the controlled-release fertilizer Basacote® (15-08-12 12M), with six repetitions and one seedling per plot. Biometric evaluations were performed monthly, starting from the second month after transplanting the seedlings, measuring the following variables: plant height (PH), collar diameter (CD) and leaf number (LN). At 11 months of age, a destructive sampling was conducted to analyze the dry matter of the aerial part and the root system. The relative growth rate of the seedlings was calculated using bimonthly evaluations. The experimental data were subjected to individual and combined ANOVA, a mean comparison test for independent qualitative variables and regression analysis to assess the effect of fertilizer doses. The variance analyses revealed significant interactions between the three sources of variation assessed in the experiments. Considering all the evaluated variables, the greatest growth of seedlings was observed when using containers SB and BB. In the absence of fertilizer, the highest growth occurred with the substrate T+SAN, while with fertilizer application, the highest growth was observed with the substrate T+SAW. The controlled-release fertilizer dose of Basacote (15-08-12 12M) that promotes optimal growth, considering all the evaluated variables, ranged from approximately 12 to 15 g L⁻¹ of substrate, depending on the cultivation container used.Item type:Item, Quantificação da abertura do dossel e biomassa movimentada no manejo florestal com auxílio de imagem de alta resolução espacial(2019) Arruda, André Nóbrega de; Santos, Joaquim dosForest management on timber exploration enable sustainable production and conservation of Amazonian forest. Monitoring the impacts caused by timber activity are necessary because timber can became a source of forest degradation. This study evaluated the influence of logging intensity on canopy opening and biomass after forest management, and the detection of the affected areas by remote sensing with high resolution satellite images. The canopy openness caused by infrastructure (secondary roads and decks) and logging operations (gaps and skidtrails) were measured, and the biomass converted into energy, wood and necromass. Random Forest classification was used to identify canopy opening variation at different logging intensities. Logging intensity influenced the size of canopy openness, especially gaps (59%), but did not influenced deck areas. The biomass affected by timer had the same relationship between weight and managed volume, where its higher portion remained at the soil as necromass. The use of remote sensing techniques identified 31.45% of canopy openness, with higher precision to decks (73.85) and gaps (42.34%), varying according to intensity. Small variation of logging intensity affected canopy openness, biomass and remote sensing detection. Gaps were good indicators of logging intensity and quality of management.Item type:Item, Aspectos taxonômicos e funcionais de morcegos filostomídeso em mosaicos de savana e floresta na amazônia brasileira(2024) Kinap, Natalia Margarido; Bobrowiec, Paulo E. D.; Farneda, Fábio ZanellaThe Amazon is one of the most biodiverse regions on the planet, harboring a vast heterogeneity of ecosystems. Among them are the Amazonian Savannahs, which are extremely relevant ecosystems for the maintenance of several ecosystem services and are little studied and undervalued in conservation efforts. This thesis used taxonomic and functional approaches to investigate how phyllostomid bat assemblages are structured in Amazonian forest-savannah mosaics. We also evaluated how removing rare species in ecological analyses affects the patterns and estimates of diversity in these environments. In Chapter I, our results showed that forested habitats (forest fragments and continuous forest) retained more diverse functional assemblages compared to savannahs, with a greater abundance of species with unique traits, such as the gleaning insectivorous bats. Functional β-diversity between forest fragments and savannah was driven significantly by the replacement of traits, indicating the substitution of species that perform different ecological functions in these habitats. In Chapter II, our results indicate that removing rare bat species from analyses did not alter the overall taxonomic and functional diversity patterns. The relationships between diversity indices and landscape variables were also preserved, indicating that the drivers of diversity remained robust. However, removing rare species decreases taxonomic and functional diversity indices in forest patches and savannahs. Also, rare species demonstrated a range of functional uniqueness across both habitat types, highlighting that they encompass functionally unique and redundant traits relative to the species pool. This thesis highlights the importance of the forest-savannah mosaic for maintaining the functional diversity of the bat assemblage and its associated ecosystem services. Furthermore, it emphasizes that the removal of rare species from ecological analyses should be carefully considered and guided by the specific research question and the sensitivity of the functional diversity metrics in useItem type:Item, Boletín de monitoreo climático de las principales cuencas hidrográficas, Volume 3, Numero 38(2025-09-17) Senna, Renato Cruz; Carvalho, Luan Rogério Rodrigues; Arcos, Adriano Nobre; Rocha, Tainá Sampaio Xavier Conchy