Análise de recursos florais e polinizadores de espécies de Parkia (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, clado Mimosoide)

Abstract

In this study, the relationship between floral traits and pollinator attraction was investigated in eight species of Parkia, analyzing aspects of phenology, morphology, nectar production, and the composition of floral volatile compounds. Adaptations for pollination by bats and insects were observed, such as variable flowering patterns, globular inflorescences, protandrous dichogamy, and diverse nectar rewards. Nectar production varied significantly, with P. pendula showing the highest concentration of soluble solids and P. decussata the highest volume. Chemical analysis identified compounds such as hexadecanoic acid, dotriacontane, hexanal, and benzaldehyde, potentially involved in pollinator attraction. Bats were the most frequent visitors in the sections Parkia and Platyparkia, with P. nitida receiving an average of 28.4 visits per floral head throughout anthesis. Self-pollination tests indicated selfincompatibility. The study also discussed methodological challenges in the extraction and analysis of volatiles, comparing invasive techniques (solvent, distillation) and non-invasive techniques (static/dynamic headspace, SPME). The choice of the most suitable method should consider phenology, compound stability, and research objectives, with standardization being essential for reproducibility and comparability of results.