Distribuição Temporal dos Calliphoridae (Diptera) associados à decomposição de Sus scrofa Linnaeus (Suidae) na Reserva Adolpho Ducke, Manaus, Amazonas

Abstract

In this study pseudo-temporal replications were utilized to evaluate the temporal distribution of calliphoridae flies of forensic importance, associated in the decomposition processes of man-size pig models (large White, Sus scrofa L., 60 Kg), in primary Amazon rain forest in the Adolpho Ducke Forested Reserve, Manaus, Amazonas. It was identified more than ten species distributed in seven genera and tree subfamilies: Chrysominae; Hemilucilia segmentaria, Hemilucilia semidiaphana, Hemilucilia souzalopesi, Chrysomya albiceps, Chrysomya megacephala, Cochliomyia macellaria, Chloroprocta idioidea e Paralucilia spp.. Mesembrinellinae: Eumesembrinella besnoiti and Mesembrinella bellardiana. Calliphorinae: Phaenicia eximia. It was identified five decomposition stages: fresh, bloated, decay, like-saponified and skeletonized. The like-saponified stage occurred in low and mid fall seasons and the advanced skeletonized only in the rainiest season, and were induced by an biotic unexpected variable: the high abundance of Coprophanaeus lancifer (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) and his necrophagous activities, able to produce postmortem injuries that facilitate the access of the caliphoridae larvae to get inside of the carcass, accelerating the skeletonized stage. The abiotic variables: temperature, relative humidity and precipitation were correlated. The last one were more independent, however don t show significant influence in decomposition stages variation and in the species composition and abundance of the calliphorids Hemilucilia segmentaria, Hemilucilia semidiaphana and Paralucilia sp were the more abundant taxa as adults in all experiments done. They are present in the fresh stage and can colonize the carcass soon after it die and so were the best post forensic indicators in this study. Thirty days were not sufficient to a carcass of 60 kg to decay completely and reach the remains stage.