Análise da variação sazonal da precipitação e temperatura em Manaus (AM)

Abstract

Amazonian capital came to fragment its green spaces, generating changes in the quality of life of its inhabitants. Environmental degradation processes, with serious changes in the natural environment, have affected the flora and fauna and produced local climate change, such as the occurrence of Urban Heat Islands (ICU). The general objective of this dissertation is to analyze the seasonal variation of precipitation and temperature between urban and rural areas in Manaus (in the period of April and November 2017). The study made use of data obtained through 05 handmade rain gauges used to collect rainfall points near the university campus of the Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), as well as the installation of a meteorological station inside the same campus. Data from two stations installed through the Climate Change Network of the Amazon - REMCLAM/FINEP, from the automatic station of the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) and station K34, installed at the INPA Experimental Site (ZF02) were also used. A significant spatial variation of rainfall was concluded from the precipitation analysis. The highest cumulative total precipitation occurred in the EST/UEA station, followed by the K34 (station in a forest environment) and the lowest total accumulated at the UFAM station. For the period under review, the month of May was atypical compared to the local climatology, which may be associated with the influence of the El Niño climate phenomenon. The UFAM presented a NDC very similar to that verified in the INMET and EST/UEA stations. In relation to total accumulated monthly precipitation, the month of April obtained the highest values, and in August the lowest values were obtained (with the exception of UFAM). In the analysis of the occurrence of precipitation through two periods (diurnal and nocturnal) it was identified that, the diurnal period concentrates the largest cumulative totals of precipitation in relation to the night period. In relation to the rainfall registered by the handmade rain gauges installed around the UFAM Campus, it was identified that the rains during the study period are larger in the Campus (border) environment than in the interior. The maximum and minimum air temperature analyzes collected by the automatic stations allowed a similar variability to be identified over the study period, but with higher daily temperatures occurring in the IFAM/ZL station and lower in the K34 station. When obtaining the means of the average temperatures, it was observed that the UFAM showed to be more heated than the other stations in every month.