Fenologia de Simarouba amara Aubl. na reserva florestal Adolpho Ducke, Manaus, AM

Abstract

This paper presents the phenology of Simarouba amara Aubl. in a dense Amazonian tropical moist "terra-firme" forest, in the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve (ADFR), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Flowering, fruiting, leaf changes and climatological data from 1970 to 1980 were analyzed. The frequency, pattern and timing of three phenophases were determined. From these phenophases, it was observed that the phase complete flowering (F2) occurred in the transition of wet season (Nov - Dec), with peak on December; the phase ripe fruits (F5) occurred in the wet season (Feb and Mar), with peak on February, the phenophase new leaves (F8) occurred in the dry season (Sep and Oct), with peak on September. This specie showed characteristics of evergreen plants with annual frequency of occurrence, regular pattern and intermediate duration. The non-parametric analysis of linear correlation of Spearman among the most representative phenological phase (F2,F5,F8) and meteorological variables showed that ripe fruits (F5) got positive and significative correlation with rainfall (r = 0.35; p<0,01); negative and significative correlation with solar radiation (r = - 0.36; p<0,01) and evaporation (r = - 0.34; p<0,01). New leaves phenophase showed positive and significative correlationship with solar radiation (r = 0.28; p<0,01), evaporation (r = 0.33; p<0,01) and maximum temperature (r = 0.32; p<0,01); negative and significative with rainfall (r = - 0.26; p<0,01). On the other hand, it didn`t present linear correlation with the phenophase complete flowering.