Estudos sobre a vegetação das campinas amazônicas. V-Brioecologia de uma campina amazônica ()

Abstract

A list of the species of bryophytes present in an Amazonian Campina is presented. This habitat is one where the soil is acknowledgde as poor in nutrients, and where in certain areas the light intensity is very great. Both air and soil temperatures are also elevated in some periods of the year: air 38°C and soil 42.3°C according to Ribeiro & Santos, 1975. The influence of these two factors, light and temperature, on the bryophyte community is determined. The results of the studies made show that the bryophytes are restricted by high temperatures and high light intensity. A total of 34 different species of bryophytes were found in the Campina, belonging to 5 different families of mosses: Calymperaceae, Leucobryaceae. Leucodontaceae, Plagiotheciaceae, Sematophyllaceae, and seven families of hepatics: Frulloniaceae, Lepidoziaceae, Lejeuneaceae. Odontoschismaceae, Plagiochilaceae, Radulaceae e Zoopsidaceae. The most frequently occuring species was Frullania nodulosa (Reinw, Blume & Neer,) Nees. Its frequency can be explained by its ecological amplitude. Some of the other species which occured, less frequently than Frullania nodulosa, are as follows: Octoblepharum cylindricum Mont., Euosmolejeunea sp., Syrrhopodon helicophyllus Mitt., Octoblepharum stramineum Mitt., Sematophyllum subsimplex (Hedw.) Mitt., Radula sp., Pycnolejeunea macroloba (Mont.) Schiffn. Ceratolejeunea cornuta (Lindenb.) Steph., Bazzania pallide-virens (Steph.) Ful., Syrrhopodon parasiticus (Brid.) Besch. var. disciformis (C. Mull.) Florsch., Archilejeunea sp. ?, Euosmolejeunea aff. suaveolens Spruce and Odontoschisma denudatum (Nees) Dumort. The bark of the trees of Aldina heterophylla Spr. ex Benth., were found to be the preferred substrate, as they were old trees with thick bark, and they offered good conditions for the development of the bryophytes.