Práticas agrícolas de conseqüências genéticas que possibilitaram aos índios da Amazônia uma melhor adaptação às condições ecológicas da região

Abstract

Cultivars of food plants actually found in Amazonia that are different from present days wild varieties have been selected by the indians in the last 10,000 years in South America and likely in the last 4,000 to 1,000 years by Amazonian tribes. This paper analyses 40 cultivars of manhioc of Desana and 13 of Tikuna. Surveys in 7 indian tribes reveal an average of 22 cultivars per tribe. Discussed are wild and selected (by the indians) "varieties" of several fruit trees: abiu Pouteria caimito), sapota (Matisia cordata), sapoti (Manilkara zapota), pupunha (Bactris gasipaes), pineapple (Ananas exculenta). Attention is given to some domesticated tuber plants (yam, sweet-potatoes, taro. leren) and to cupá (Cissus gongilodes); this last one, due to the small distribution may be one of the most recent domestications. It is suggested that the duck (Cairina moschata) domesticated itself in order to occupy the empty niche near the tribes.