Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/15324
Title: Windthrows control biomass patterns and functional composition of Amazon forests
Authors: Marra, Daniel Magnabosco
Trumbore, Susan Elizabeth
Higuchi, Niro
Ribeiro, Gabriel Henrique Pires de Mello
Negrón-Juárez, Robinson I.
Holzwarth, Frédéric M.
Rifai, Sami Walid
Santos, Joaquim dos
Lima, Adriano José Nogueira
Kinupp, Valdely Ferreira
Chambers, Jeffrey Quintin
Wirth, Christian B.
Keywords: Biodiversity
Biogeochemical Cycle
Biomass
Forest Ecosystem
Functional Group
Landsat
Morality
Tropical Forest
Amazonia
Cecropia
Inga
Miconia
Pourouma
Tachigali
Tapirira
Carbon
Biomass
Forest
Tree
Tropic Climate
Wind
Biomass
Carbon
Forests
Trees
Tropical Climate
Wind
Issue Date: 2018
metadata.dc.publisher.journal: Global Change Biology
metadata.dc.relation.ispartof: Volume 24, Número 12, Pags. 5867-5881
Abstract: Amazon forests account for ~25% of global land biomass and tropical tree species. In these forests, windthrows (i.e., snapped and uprooted trees) are a major natural disturbance, but the rates and mechanisms of recovery are not known. To provide a predictive framework for understanding the effects of windthrows on forest structure and functional composition (DBH ≥10 cm), we quantified biomass recovery as a function of windthrow severity (i.e., fraction of windthrow tree mortality on Landsat pixels, ranging from 0%–70%) and time since disturbance for terra-firme forests in the Central Amazon. Forest monitoring allowed insights into the processes and mechanisms driving the net biomass change (i.e., increment minus loss) and shifts in functional composition. Windthrown areas recovering for between 4–27 years had biomass stocks as low as 65.2–91.7 Mg/ha or 23%–38% of those in nearby undisturbed forests (~255.6 Mg/ha, all sites). Even low windthrow severities (4%–20% tree mortality) caused decadal changes in biomass stocks and structure. While rates of biomass increment in recovering vegetation were nearly double (6.3 ± 1.4 Mg ha− 1 year− 1) those of undisturbed forests (~3.7 Mg ha− 1 year− 1), biomass loss due to post-windthrow mortality was high (up to −7.5 ± 8.7 Mg ha− 1 year− 1, 8.5 years since disturbance) and unpredictable. Consequently, recovery to 90% of “pre-disturbance” biomass takes up to 40 years. Resprouting trees contributed little to biomass recovery. Instead, light-demanding, low-density genera (e.g., Cecropia, Inga, Miconia, Pourouma, Tachigali, and Tapirira) were favored, resulting in substantial post-windthrow species turnover. Shifts in functional composition demonstrate that windthrows affect the resilience of live tree biomass by favoring soft-wooded species with shorter life spans that are more vulnerable to future disturbances. As the time required for forests to recover biomass is likely similar to the recurrence interval of windthrows triggering succession, windthrows have the potential to control landscape biomass/carbon dynamics and functional composition in Amazon forests. ©2018 The Authors. Global Change Biology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
metadata.dc.identifier.doi: 10.1111/gcb.14457
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