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Title: | Phylogeny of snake trypanosomes inferred by SSU rDNA sequences, their possible transmission by phlebotomines, and taxonomic appraisal by molecular, cross-infection and morphological analysis |
Authors: | Viola, Laerte B. Campaner, Marta Takata, Carmen S.A. Ferreira, Robson C. Rodrigues, Adriana Carlos Freitas, Rui Alves de Duarte, Marcelo Ribeiro Grego, Kathleen Fernandes Barrett, Toby Vincent Camargo, Erney Plessmann Teixeira, Marta Maria Geraldes |
Keywords: | Ribosome Dna Protozoal Dna Ribosome Dna Animals Experiment Animals Model Cladistics Cross Infection Dna Sequence Host Parasite Interaction Molecular Genetics Molecular Phylogeny Morphology Nonhuman Nucleotide Sequence Phlebotomus Phylogeny Priority Journal Protozoal Genetics Snake Taxonomy Trypanosoma Trypanosomiasis Animals Animals Disease Classification Disease Transmission Genetics Evolution, Molecular Parasitology Phylogeny Physiology Psychodidae Snake Ultrastructure Bothrops Jararaca Colubridae Crotalus Durissus Phlebotominae Pseudoboa Nigra Serpentes Squamata Trypanosoma Viannamyia Viperidae Animal Bothrops Colubridae Crotalus Dna, Protozoan Ribosomal Dna Evolution, Molecular Host-parasite Interactions Molecular Sequence Data Phylogeny Psychodidae Sequence Analysis, Dna Trypanosoma Trypanosomiasis Viperidae |
Issue Date: | 2008 |
metadata.dc.publisher.journal: | Parasitology |
metadata.dc.relation.ispartof: | Volume 135, Número 5, Pags. 595-605 |
Abstract: | Blood examination by microhaematocrit and haemoculture of 459 snakes belonging to 37 species revealed 2.4% trypanosome prevalence in species of Viperidae (Crotalus durissus and Bothrops jararaca) and Colubridae (Pseudoboa nigra). Trypanosome cultures from C. durissus and P. nigra were behaviourally and morphologically indistinguishable. In addition, the growth and morphological features of a trypanosome from the sand fly Viannamyia tuberculata were similar to those of snake isolates. Cross-infection experiments revealed a lack of host restriction, as snakes of 3 species were infected with the trypanosome from C. durissus. Phylogeny based on ribosomal sequences revealed that snake trypanosomes clustered together with the sand fly trypanosome, forming a new phylogenetic lineage within Trypanosoma closest to a clade of lizard trypanosomes transmitted by sand flies. The clade of trypanosomes from snakes and lizards suggests an association between the evolutionary histories of these trypanosomes and their squamate hosts. Moreover, data strongly indicated that these trypanosomes are transmitted by sand flies. The flaws of the current taxonomy of snake trypanosomes are discussed, and the need for molecular parameters to be adopted is emphasized. To our knowledge, this is the first molecular phylogenetic study of snake trypanosomes. © 2008 Cambridge University Press. |
metadata.dc.identifier.doi: | 10.1017/S0031182008004253 |
Appears in Collections: | Artigos |
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