Padrões da biodiversidade de mosquitos em área de empreendimento hidrelétrico na Amazônia brasileira e taxonomia integrativa de espécies do subgênero Mansonia (Mansonia) Blanchard, 1901 (Diptera: Culicidae)

Abstract

Mosquitoes stand out in the transmission of pathogens to humans and are susceptible to environmental changes, associated with land use and the construction of hydroelectric projects. In this context, Anopheles and Mansonia stand out, the latter with large taxonomic gaps not yet filled. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the patterns of biodiversity of the mosquito community in the area of the Madeira River hydroelectric complex and to study a taxonomy of Mansonia using an integrative approach. For this, collections were carried out in different locations in the states of Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia and Roraima. The samplings were carried out using different strategies: human attraction with protection, CDC light traps and Shannon trap. We observed that the mosquito community is directly affected by the distance from the Madeira River and that the most abundant species in the region were An. darlingi and Ma. titillans. This last presentation is correlated with a separation (R2 = 0.84). Analyze the results about anophelines, not differences in composition, density, spatiotemporal distribution and hematophagic activity of species between the periods before and after construction of the hydroelectric plant, directly influencing the dynamics of malaria cases in the region. Morphological and morphometric analyzes of the egg of Ma. amazonensis, Ma. humeralis and Ma. titillans revealed characters that can help distinguish these species. Another promising tool was the wing geometric morphometry, as the analyzes made it possible to distinguish between Ma. amazonensis, Ma. humeralis, Ma. indubitans and Ma. dyari. Molecular data obtained that the DNA barcode is efficient for taxonomic studies of the subgenus Mansonia (Mansonia). Species have high genetic distance values. Phylogenetic analyzes of adherence to neighbor, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference indicated the presence of two new species, thus the biodiversity of Mansonia is greater than that currently acquired. I work hard to carry out a new morphological revision for the subgenus.