Como o novo Código Florestal (Lei nº 12.651/2012) afeta o desmatamento no município de Boca do Acre - AM

Abstract

The law 12.651/2012 which replaced the Law 4.771/1965 and instituted the " newest " Brazilian Forest Code, sparked controversy about the justification used for the modification, doubts about the ability to protect the forests and, on its applicability . To understand the implications and reasons for change and estimate potential future environmental and social consequences, this dissertation was being structured in three chapters: the first one is a literature review on the history of the Forest Code, of its creation until the last substitution occurred in 2012; the second on the demarcation of permanent preservation areas (APPs) on the edge of watercourses, and the ecological and social consequences of the new legal definitions of these areas, in the municipality of Boca do Acre , Amazonas; the third, creates a modeling of deforestation in Boca do Acre until 2025 using 3 scenarios, being considered two counterfactuals whose premises the total prohibition of deforestation within the permanent preservation areas on the banks of watercourses according to the two versions of the legislation (1965 Forest Code and 2012 Forest Code) and baseline scenario that follows current trends regarding deforestation rates within these areas. The results showed that historically the Forest Code has always been linked to economic interests and that the law 12.651/2012 emerged aiming to legalize irregularities . In fact the new legislation reduces the protected areas and thereby reduces the environmental liabilities in permanent preservation areas by 24% in the municipality of Boca do Acre. The modeling showed the role of the Conservation Units and Indigenous Lands in protecting forests, roads as a factor of attractiveness to new deforestation and showed that the greatest consequence of the 2012 Forest Code is to reduce the protection of fragile areas of transition between terrestrial and river ecosystems with implications for biogeochemical cycles, climate change and human and animal populations that live there.