Filogeografia e demografia histórica de saguinus bicolor

Abstract

The origin of Amazonian high species diversity is still not fully understood although two main kinds of mechanisms related to landscape evolution have gained considerable support over the years: geological history of the basin and historical climate change. Much less discussed is the role of species interactions in speciation events. In this study, we evaluate the role of different historical mechanisms as drivers of diversification in Saguinus of the midas group in Eastern Amazon. We obtained sequences of mitochondrial markers for individuals of all four taxa, reconstructed their phylogenetic history and estimated divergence times. In addition, we investigated intraspecific population structure and demographic history of two of the taxa, Saguinus midas and Saguinus bicolor based on a large intraspecific sampling. Our recovered phylogenetic relationships corroborate previous studies. Dating, population structure and demographic analysis suggest that both landscape history and species interactions were important for the diversification of the midas clade. The diversification scenario reconstructed here, based on sound phylogenetic and temporal estimates, is a strong evidence of species interactions acting in conjunction with Earth‟s history to shape diversification patterns in this Amazonian primates clade. S. bicolor, despite its restricted distribution, includes two divergent mtDNA lineages that should be considered when planning conservation actions.