Respostas ecofisiológicas e de crescimento de plântulas de Hevea spruceana (Benth.) Müll Arg. de ecossistemas de Várzea em quatro cenários climáticos

Abstract

CO 2 and temperature are abiotic factors affecting the Earth's climate, growth and development of plants. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicts up to 2100 increases in temperature of 1.7 °C to 4.8 °C and the CO 2 concentration from 490 to 1370 ppm. Hevea spruceana is a species abundant in the fertile Amazonian floodplains, where approximately of 1000 tree species able to survive up to 230 days partially or completely submerged can be found. The anticipated climate change scenarios predict that plants of these environments will be subjected to the interaction of increased CO 2 , temperature and flooding, although studies testing this assumption are scarce. This work aimed to evaluate in microcosms the effect of flood and different climatic scenarios of increased temperature (T) and CO 2 on the morphology and physiology of seedlings of H. spruceana. Seedlings were collected in the Costa do Catalão, Central Amazonia, and subjected for 115 days in flooded not flooded conditions, to the four climatic scenarios based on IPCC 2007: : T and CO 2 Control (present conditions); Mild T +1.5 °C/+200 CO 2 ppm; Intermediary T +2.5 °C/+400 CO 2 ppm and Extreme T +4.5 °C/+850 CO 2 ppm. In all seedlings were measured: concentrations of chlorophylls, fluorescence of a chlorophyll, height, stem base diameter, number of leaves and biomass. The physiology and morphology of H. spruceana both not flooded and flooded were influenced by climatic scenarios. The Extreme scenario has limited the growth and physiology of plants not flooded, but favored these parameters in flooded seedlings.