Biodiversidade de parasitos da piranha vermelha Pygocentrus nattereri (Kner, 1858) (Characiformes; Serrasalmidae) e sua avaliação como bioindicadores na Amazônia Central

Abstract

355 specimens were studied Pygocentrus captured for four nattereri expeditions, in March, June, September and December 2008 in six lakes lowland river Solimões: Baixio Black Iauara, Anana, Campina and Maracá. The points of collections are situated between the cities of Manaus and Coari in Amazonas State in a path of approximately 400 km which is the route for oil and gas transportation in the Amazon Central, therefore, sensitive to accidents arising out of such transport. Fish measured 15,4cm ± 3.5 and 2.7 ± weighed 230,9g. The objectives of this study were to describe taxonomically the parasitic fauna of Pygocentrus nattereri (red bitch) and through qualitative, quantitative methods (ecological descriptors) and assess the bioaccumulative Use of parasitic species as bioindicators tool for environmental changes in Central Amazon. All fish were infected by at least one sort of metazoan. They were collected and identified 52 664 parasites belonging to 4 phyla recorded in 9 different taxonomic groups: Filo Platyhelminthes (Monogenoidea, Cestoda and Trematoda), Acantocephala Filo, Filo Nematoda, and Phylum Arthropoda (Copepoda, Branchiura, Pentastomida and Isopoda). Rose from 47 to 57 the number of cited species P. nattereri. The parasitological indexes, ecological descriptors, and statistical analysis, highlighted species Monogenoidea and Nematodes as bioindicator effect. The analysis by qualitative spectroscopy enegia Dispersive (EDS) recorded the presence of Al, C, Co, Fe, Mg, O, P, S, Si, Zn, Pt, Po, K, PSA, Na, Er, Tm, Ru, Hf, Ti, Cu, Br, W, Cl, Cd, Pd, Ni and Pb the nematode Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus. Elements such as Zn, Co, Pd, Cu, Hf and Er have known biological function at low concentrations while Pb, Cd, Ni, Tm, W, Ru, Pt, Po and Ti do not have a defined biological function and can be due to small leaks from vessels sailing through the area. In the nematode Procamallanus (S.) inopinatus been detected bioaccumulating ability for trace elements, mainly heavy metals such as Cu, Pb, Cd and Ni, at levels concentrations above those found in the host and collection environment. The study He concluded that the parasitic fauna P. nattereri can be used as an effective bioindicator tool effect and accumulation, contributing to monitoring the studied environment.