Fauna de flebotomíneos (Diptera: Psychodidae) e taxa de infecção natural por Leishmania sp. (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) da Reserva Biológica de Campina - INPA da BR 174, Manaus, AM - Brasil

Abstract

In the period of 12 months, between september/2007 to august/2008, in an area of the Biological Reserve of Campina, km 42 of the BR 174, Manaus Boa Vista had been carried through captures of sandflies using CDC light traps and bait animal (Disney traps). 1,842 insects had been captured, being 1,297 females and 545 males, distributed in 22 species of the genus Lutzomyia França, 1924. The species found in bigger amount and distributed in all the areas was Lutzomyia flaviscutellata, (85.7%), followed for L. georgii (5.1%) and L. olmeca nociva (3.2%). The females of L. flaviscutellata had been the most abundant in all captures, mainly with Disney traps in the campina, being that the males had presented greater density in collections with light traps CDC, in the areas of campina (59.2%), followed for the campinarana (27.5%) and finally in the bush areas (13.2%). The sazonal study of L. flaviscutellata in these environments showed to greater population density in the period of rains, verifying itself number raised of females in the campinarana in the period understood between February the April. The species diversity was changeable in accordance with the method of capture and studied environment. The diversity index was of 3,6 and in three studied environments they had represented values of 4,2 for bush, 1,5 campinarana and 1.1 for campina, having verified itself bigger diversity in the bush area, in contrast of the observed one in the other areas. Examinations for detention of natural infection for direct examination and the technique of PCR had been become fullfilled. The infection for flagellates was observed only by nested PCR, having the DNA amplified of Leishmania (Leishmania) sp. in 11,7% (22/188) of the females tested for the reaction. The results of this work corroborate for the understanding of the ecology and epidemiology of the leishmaniasis vectors in the Amazon region, beyond being one of the pioneers in studies of sandflies fauna in areas of bush of Campina in Brazil. The register of the predominance of L. flaviscutellata in an environment of few shelters of animals and difficulties how much to the meeting of the sanguineous alimentary source, it suggests that this species is presented suitable to the adverse conditions of this environment.