Análise do modo de vida dos quilombolas coletores tradicionais de castanha-do-brasil (Bertholletia excelsa H. B. K) da Reserva Biológica do Rio Trombetas, Oriximiná, Pará, Brasil

Abstract

The construction of the way of life is intrinsic to the construction of the territory. So in this both concepts / categories were used inseparably, once that there is a need for a territory for the existence of a way of life and vice versa. versa. In this sense, the objective was to analyze the way of life of the collecting quilombolas Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa H. B. K) that have signed terms of commitment to the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation(ICMBio) for the collection of this product in the Trombetas River Biological Reserve, located in the Alto Trombetas microregion, Oriximiná, Pará, Brazil, as a subsidy forthe management of this conservation unit. It is qualitative research. The investigation was carried out in 2018 and 2019, using as the procedural method for the data collection the Case Study, using the triangulation of data sources (YIN, 2005). Primary data were collected using observation techniques. Field interviews, semi-structured interviews and documentary research. The interviews were applied to 32 traditional Brazil nut collectors residing in the Quilombola Alto Trumpets 1 Territory and the Ultimate community Quilombo, both located in the Alto Trombetas microregion, 02 local regattas, chief manager of the Trombetas River Biological Reserve,06 community coordinators and 01 coordinator of Associação Mãe Domingas. The semi-structured observations were performed at the same time and in the same places where the interviews were performed. The documentary research was carried out in the archives of ICMBio's Integrated Management Center - Porto Trombetas, and at the Quilombo Remnant Communities Association of Oriximiná (Arqmo). Secondary data were obtained through bibliographic and documentary research. After data collection and treatment, the content analysis technique was used (BARDIN, 2011). The research found that the implementation of the Rio do Norte Mining (MRN), the creation of the Trombetas River Biological Reserve and the Saracá-Taquera National Forest in the Alto Trombetas microregion is directly related to the changes observed in lifestyle and the use of the territory by traditional Brazil nut gatherers, among which stands out the almost extinction of collective practices and mutual aid, such as the “puxirum”. Currently, the existing housing rules in the communities of TQ Alto Trombetas 1 and the Ultima Quilombo community have limited frequent displacements through the common use territory of traditional Brazil nut collecting quilombolas.