Análise da produção madeireira em concessões florestais na flona do Jamari (RO)

Abstract

ABSTRACT Currently, the supply of legal wood is considered by the market as one of the obstacles to the forest sector in the Amazon. The instability in the supply of this product can limit the sector growth, promote restrictions in consumer markets, as well as cause a number of environmental damages resulting from predatory forest exploitation. As a strategy to address the problem, in 2006, the Brazilian government initiated fundamental changes in the management model. Based on a new legislation, new command and control tools were implemented, such as the Documents of Forest Origin (DFO/Ibama). Directly involved in the theme are Conservation Units (CUs) of sustainable use, mainly, for their timber potential. The task, then, began to combine with the preservation of its resources, continuing the environmental services offered to society, ensuring coexistence with local populations and being economically viable under strict control rules. Currently, this proposal is still a major challenge, since only a minority of the CUs have effective implementation. One way pointed out by the Brazilian government was the forest concessions, which started in 2008. For the public administration, the concessions are proving to be increasingly consolidated, improving each year their indexes, ensuring the preservation and improving the quality of the timber sector in the country. On the other hand, much remains to be done, which is why the forest concession model is questioned in its effectiveness. The objective of this study is to evaluate the exploitation of native wood logs in concession areas in the Jamari National Forest in Rondônia, comparing them with the areas explored out of concession. To this end, a quantitative analysis of the wood production is performed, contrasting the areas with and without forest concession in the referred conservation unit, based on its production declared in the DFO/Ibama control system. All DFOs issued from exploration permits emitted during 2012-2017 to Flona do Jamari in Rondônia were analyzed, a total of 688,721 Documents of forest origin covering 811 wood species. The selected sample covers 15 wood species that represent 50.65% of the total volume of 10,876,354.51m3 of native logs extracted during this period. Data analysis begins with the systematization of the variables volume, value and average price of the extracted wood logs. Then, a chi-square test of independence is performed to verify if there is a relation between the volume of timber harvested and the groups with and without forest concession. This test is also performed to see if the average price of harvested timber is associated with the fact that logging occurred within or outside forest concessions. The study tests two hypotheses related to the volume extracted and the prices in the two groups, with and without forest concession, through the t-test to compare means. It was found that three species, Caryocar villosum, Goupia glabra and Qualea paraensis, show an average volume of log exploitation in off-concession ventures higher than those exploited under this regime, indicating a possible exploitation above what is allowed for the Amazon PMFS. Regarding the price, it was observed that the average prices in the forest concession are higher than those in non-concession management. This result puts forest concession areas in a better position in the market, which may interfere with the increase in concessions demand. At the end of the analysis, observations were also made on possible weaknesses of the transportation guide monitoring model, proposing interventions in order to improve it. Key words: Forest Concession; Jamari National Forest, Documents of Forest Origin, Forest planning, Conservation Unity.