Estimativas de desmatamento e queimadas em tempo quase real na Amazônia Sul Brasileira: um passo para popularização de dados

Abstract

In a scenario of global environmental change, the world has turned its attention to tropical rainforests, especially the Amazon forests, due to high rates of deforestation and fires, which reflect in the loss of local and global ecosystem services. Studies already reveal changes in hydroclimatic patterns in the southern portion of the Brazilian Amazon, involving the states of Mato Grosso and Rondônia. Rondônia ranks third among the states with the highest deforestation rates in the Amazon, and in this context the Conservation Units represent important areas for the maintenance of the state's tropical forests; however, they have been suffering from accelerated processes of landscape change. There are several initiatives to monitor deforestation and fires, however the decentralization of information in environmental agencies and the access to rapid and detailed information is still a challenge. With this in mind, this study aimed to monitor deforestation and fires in near-real time in two conservation units in the state of Rondônia, using cloud-based remote sensing tools, in the period from July to September 2020, in order to provide information to decision makers. The Landviewer web tool , and images from the Sentinel-2, Landsat-8, CBERS-4 satellites available in its catalog were used to monitor deforestation and fires in near-real time and issue alerts to environmental secretariats. The results revealed a total of 1,678 ha were deforested in Guajará Mirim and Serra dos Reis State Parks. The month with the highest number of hot spots and fires in the Guajará Mirim State Park and buffer zone was August, when most of the rural properties located in the buffer zone of the park, burned pasture areas, while in the Serra dos Reis State Park the month with the highest incidence of fires was September. In all, 18 alerts for deforestation and 54 for fires were issued. The conservation unit that presents the greatest problems with fires and suffers the greatest pressure on its environmental resources is the Serra dos Reis State Park. This Landviewer -based monitoring proved to be a complementary way, especially as a source of previous data for planning and combating environmental damage on a local scale.